Identify different reasons why people communicate Essay

* To express needs; to share ideas and information; to reassure; to express feelings; to build relationships; socialise; to ask questions; to share experiences * People communicate in order to establish and maintain relationships with others, to give and receive information and instructions, to understand and be understood, to share opinions, knowledge, feelings, emotions, to give encouragement and show others they are valued. * Communication is an essential tool a carer can use to meet the needs of children. It is a basic requirement of my job role to communicate with individuals and their families, other members of staff on a daily basis. Communicating with other staff members ensures effective team working and continuity of care. It also ensures any health and safety issues are recognised and reported. All carers attend hand over at the beginning of each shift and also complete communication books after attending an individual, thereby keeping other staff informed and aware of current situations within the workplace. * Individuals communicate with carers to express their needs and preferences and to ensure they are met. As a carer I would discuss the options and choices available to the individual to allow them an informed choice regards their care. Read more:  Reasons for communication in health and social care  essay Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of you work In your job you need to communicate with people all the time. First and foremost is the person you are supporting, but there are also their family and friends, who are likely to be involved in the support plan. You will also have to communicate with colleagues and with other professionals. The way in which you communicate will be diï ¬â‚¬erent depending on the person with whom you are communicating and the purpose of the communication., Diï ¬â‚¬erent approaches to communicate the same information are appropriate for diï ¬â‚¬erent people.. Why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions when communicating with them All communication has an effect on the person you are communicating with. It is a two-way process called an interaction, and it is important that you watch the eï ¬â‚¬ects so that any problems can be identiï ¬ ed and dealt with .Any relationship comes about through communication. In order to be eï ¬â‚¬ective in providing care and support, you must learn to be a good communicator. But communication is about much more than talking to people. People communicate through: †¢ speaking †¢ facial expression †¢ body language †¢ position†¢ dress †¢ gestures. You will have to know how to recognise what is being communicated to you, and be able to communicate with others without always having to use words.

Severe Acne Vulgaris And Isotretinoin Health And Social Care Essay

ProblemEver had a comedo, hickey, blemish, pimple or whitehead? These are the more common names for acne vulgaris lesions, which is a skin upset that afflicts many people at some point during their lives [ 1 ] . Described as non-inflammatoryA unfastened or closedA blackheads and inflammatory pustules, papules and nodules [ 2 ] . Topographic points on the tegument with heavy population of greasy follicles like the face, back and chest are usually affected with it. Acne vulgaris is caused by anaerobiotic gm positive bacteria ( rod called propionibacterium ( P.acnes ) . Greasy secretory organs in hair follicles produce sebum, a type of oily substance.A When hair follicles get blocked, sebum that normally drains to the surface via the hair follicles become trapped in the pores of the skin.A Bacteria finally attack the sebum taking to infection, Pus and finally, acne. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ourhealthnetwork.com/UserFiles/Image/Hair_Follicle.jpghttp: //www.ourhealthnetwork.com/UserFiles/Image/Infected_Hiar_Follicle.jpg Figure – shows a clotted tegument pore Figure – shows a healthy tegument pore Figures 2 and 3 courtesy of hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ourhealthnetwork.com/cosmeticdermatology/Acne-2007-12-19.asp Increasing degrees of endocrines ( androgens ) during pubescence cause the tegument to go oilier, which can ensue in the development of acne vulgaris. Acne can be genetically linked, as those with acne frequently report holding a parent or other close household member with a similar tegument status. Stress can besides lend to acne eruption. Severe acne involves more scarring and happens if mild acne goes untreated and deteriorates into cystic acne. Acne is foremost treated with antibiotics ( Achromycin or Erythrocin ) , topical disinfectants ( benzoyl peroxide or clindamycin ) or topical retinoids ( Adapalene or Tazarotene ) . However, if it is a signifier of terrible acne vulgaris, it will be harder to handle as it will be unresponsive to most antibiotics and over the counter merchandises. So is there any solution or intervention that can be taken in order to bring around terrible, fractious acne vulgaris?Solution:Isotretinoin The best solution for terrible acne vulgaris is to take prescribed Isotretinoin which will cut down the happening of acne and lower the opportunities of its return. It is the most effectual unwritten agent used when handling severe acne vulgaris such as cystic acne [ 5 ] .In the beginning, Isotretinoin was developed as chemotherapy medicine to handle malignant neoplastic disease due to its ability to kill quickly spliting cells rapidly [ 9 ] . Since it is derived from vitamin A and is found of course in the organic structure in infinitesimal measures, it is a retinoid. Oral isotretinoin goes under many trade names, most normally Accutane, Amnesteem, Claravis, Roccutane and Sotret [ 2,3 ] . hypertext transfer protocol: //a876.g.akamai.net/7/876/1448/v00001/images.medscape.com/pi/features/drugdirectory/octupdate/ROC01690.jpg Figure -image of isotretinoin capsules hypertext transfer protocols: //www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-6662- Isotretinoin+Oral.aspx? drugid=6662 & A ; drugname=Isotretinoin+Oral & A ; source=0 & A ; pagenumber=2 Isotretinoin has a chemical expression of 13-cis-retinoic acid and the structural expression is: ACCUTANE ( isotretinoin ) Structural Formula Illustration Figure: structural formation of isotretinoin hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rxlist.com/accutane-drug.htm Isotretinoin is an unwritten agent taken when acne status is terrible and other medicines prescribed has failed. It works by cut downing or shriveling the size of greasy secretory organs ( dermis bed ) . [ 6,3 ] This reduces the sum of oil produced and therefore, prevents blogged tegument pores which causes redness and acne. Isotretinoin is taken orally over a period of 16-20 hebdomads at a dose of 0.5-1 mg/kg/d, which is equal when covering with terrible acne vulgaris. It is so followed with a short period of remainder [ 6 ] . However, if a sudden backsliding occurs or acne is non to the full cleared up, more classs are prescribed. This is because factors such as organic structure weight, use of other interventions at the same time and acne badness must be taken into history when ordering the right dose as different persons react otherwise to the medicine. During this period, if patients are monitored and found unresponsive to the intervention, their physicians will halt therapy [ 4 ] . The medicine is taken orally after repasts as it increases bioavailability up to twofold comparative to fasting as a consequence of easier soaking up of this medicine which is extremely lipotropic into the system. Isotretinoin is the most effectual drug available when handling severe acne that is unresponsive to other signifiers of unwritten agents such as antibiotics [ 5, 8 ] . Figure – graph shows the consequences of patients treated with tetracycline/adapalene ( aˆ? ) or isotretinoin ( i‚? ) . Comparison in decrease in ( a ) superficial inflammatory lesions, ( B ) deep inflammatory lesions, ( degree Celsius ) non-inflammatory lesions, ( vitamin D ) face acne rating. hypertext transfer protocol: //adv.medicaljournals.se/article/pdf/10.2340/00015555-0211 Figure 7 shows a graph of denseness of P.acnes counts in patients treated with tetracycline/adapalene ( aˆ? ) or isotretinoin ( i‚? ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //adv.medicaljournals.se/article/pdf/10.2340/00015555-0211 Figure -graph From the graphs, it is clear that the bacteria count decreases at a much greater rate when Isotretinoin is used with a far lower rate of backsliding compared to tetracycline/adapalene therefore it besides has a lower rate of follow up. This is because Isotretinoin is effectual in cut downing the size of the oil secretory organs and holding the activities of the bacteriums that causes acne. By analyzing graphs 6 and 7, the consequences of this clinical survey show that relatively to other antibiotics, Isotretinoin is seen to work increasingly faster doing it a more effectual intervention. From the research carried out, I believe that Isotretinoin has a great efficiency rate when handling acne if the class of medicine prescribed harmonizing to the skin doctor is completed. Isotretinoin should be taken daily during the first 12 hebdomads. This is to avoid a backsliding and to secure more lasting consequences which will last. [ 6 ] In Group 1: treated foremost 10A yearss of each month for 6A months. Group 2: given daily in the first month, afterwards the first 10A yearss of each month for 5A months. Group 3: conventional intervention class was used for 6A months. Dose: 0.5A mg/kg/day hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2094720/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681043.html Object name is 403_2007_777_Fig2_HTML.jpg Figure – graph of backsliding rate When Isotretinoin is taken daily continuously for six months, the backsliding rate is lower comparison to group one and two. This is because when Isotretinoin is taken continuously without intervals, the drug is more effectual as it successfully has controlled the activities of the secretory organs and therefore, drastically reduces the denseness of acne vulgaris. I believe that the intermittent dose method can be used on patients enduring from mild instances of acne or who can non digest the high doses prescribed. Figure -effectiveness of isotretinoin Based on surveies found in the Journal of Dermatological Treatments, Isotretinoin produced more than 60 % betterment in 88 % of patients. [ 19 ] Isotretinoin is the most effectual drug available when handling severe acne that is unresponsive to other signifiers of interventions such as unwritten agents ( antibiotics: Achromycin or eryhthromycin ) . [ 5,8 ]Social and economic effectsâ€Å" There is no individual disease which causes more psychic injury, more maladjustment between parents and kids, more general insecurity and feelings of lower status and greater amounts of psychic enduring than does acne vulgaris. â€Å" A — Sulzberger & A ; Zaldems, 1948 [ 5 ] By and large, person enduring from any grade of acne will experience really negative about their life. They begin to hold certain behavioral traits such as societal backdown, embarrassment, low self-pride, and depression which point towards being psychologically disturbed. One agony from acne is prone to hold a negative mentality on their societal life whether in their calling or communicating accomplishments. A certain survey showed that acne can take to low employment rates in patients enduring from it [ 5 ] .To turn out my point, the followers is a testimony of an acne patient: Direct 1: â€Å" It is truly mortifying to experience like I have no control over my acne. I hold my caput down and I am ashamed to look at: people, embarrassed. I am 25 old ages old and to be moving this manner is really frustrating. â€Å" [ 5 ] In merely a few words, the patient has shown rather a figure of negative societal traits due to holding terrible acne. I believe that most societal jobs mentioned exist due to the negative perceptual experience of society on acne being caused by soiled tegument. Acne patients shy off from public visual aspects as they are disgusted by their status. There are patients who become self-destructive when enduring from this tegument job. Acne when non treated can do all types of societal jobs which finally become interconnected and psychologically upseting to the 1 that is enduring. However, surveies carried out have shown that with the right intervention of Isotretinoin prescribed, these jobs lessen. Figure 10 – Mortality Statistics & gt ; Acne ( most recent ) by state. January 2004. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nationmaster.com/red/pie/mor_acn-mortality-acne Figure -shows mortality statistics caused by acne in different states. In the economic facet, handling acne can be expensive when utilizing isotretinoin. Furthermore a prescription is needed to purchase the drug. However, with Isotretinoin, the rate of return is really low and more lasting consequences are produced. [ 11 ] In my sentiment, this lowers the sum of money spent by patients or insurance company for ongoing therapy, doing isotretinoin cost-efficient. I besides believe the earlier the therapy is started, the more economical and effectual the intervention will be in for the patient or insurance company. Due to the high cost of securing the merchandise, Isotretinoin will be a fiscal load to wellness suppliers such as NHS. Nevertheless, research found in the Journal of Dermatological Treatment concluded that, â€Å" For the intervention of moderate/ terrible acne, isotretinoin proved to be significantly more cost effectual † . [ 19 ]Benefits and hazards:The chief benefit that can be obtained from utilizing Isotretinoin is that it clears up acne in a affair of months and is considered to be the most powerful drug available for acne. [ 12 ] . It is the lone drug that can unclutter acne after one class of intervention [ 21 ] .The intervention can efficaciously reconstruct a patient ‘s self-esteem and societal accomplishments. However, there are many hazards involved when taking this drug which makes it the first drug in the history of medical specialty that requires a adult female to subscribe a consent signifier known as the iPLEDGE. The chief hazard with Isotretinoin is that it is a tetratogenic and is considered by the FDA as Category X because it causes birth defect in developing fetus [ 13 ] . Merely after halting Isotretinoin, can a adult female see acquiring pregnant. In order to avoid gestation, adult females are told to follow two signifiers of birth control methods. Breast-feeding is besides non allowed during the class of the intervention as Isotretinoin can perforate membranes and enter the female parent ‘s milk.Figure – warning mark for adult females on isotretinoin hypertext transfer protocol: //isotretinoinsideeffects.com/ Direct exposure to UV beams while on medicine will ensue in terrible tan due to heightened radiosensitivity of tegument. Other side effects besides include depression weariness, dry mucous secretion membrane, delicate tegument, and concerns. For some, the side effects become more serious if they are allergic to the medicine or if they consume more vitamin A while taking Isotretinoin. Patients under Isotretinoin can non donate blood for at least one month after they complete the intervention. Waxing or any skin resurfacing processs should be done at least one twelvemonth after finishing intervention so to avoid marking [ 13 ] . As there are many hazards involved, Isotretinoin is merely used for bring arounding terrible acne vulgaris which is immune to other interventions. Although there are hazards, I believe that since isotretinoin can unclutter up terrible acne vulgaris the fastest and bring forth more lasting consequences, it is the best possible solution.Alternate solutions.1 ) Interlesional corticoid injection Figure -corticosteroid injection process hypertext transfer protocol: //www.acne.org/cortisone-shots-for-acne.html Our organic structures release a natural chemical, Cortone Acetate, in response to redness. Cortisone is injected into an country of redness if the organic structure does non bring forth plenty. Cortisone is a corticoid ; a steroid endocrine produced in the adrenal secretory organ. However, it should non be confused with â€Å" anabolic steroids † which are drugs used to increase strength and musculus size and come with a excess of harmful side effects [ 16 } . Side effects of this process are that it can do impermanent hypopigmentation for dark skinned persons, existent harm to steel or tendon if needle penetrates incorrect country and wasting of fatty tissues. The benefits are, Cortone Acetates reduces marking and clears up acne 2 ) Acne Surgery ( drainage and surgical deletion ) Surgery for terrible acne is done to let the septic country to run out. It is a minor surgical process. Following surgery, a unit of ammunition of antibiotics will be prescribed to guard against infection. An antibiotic soap is besides prescribed [ 16,17 ] . Surgery is recommended for terrible acne intervention that does non react to medicine. Drain and surgical deletion should be performed by trained skin doctor under unfertile conditions. This process involves nicking the pustules with a little acerate leaf and so run outing the lesion. Sometimes little scratch are needed. Although incising a lesion may go forth a little cicatrix unlike shooting corticostersoid, terrible acne lesions that do non react to other interventions need to be incised.EvaluationThe beginning hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skincarephysicians.com is really dependable and trustable. In my sentiment, the information in the web site is factual as it is established by the American Academy of Derrmatology ( AA D ) . It has a particular subdivision dedicated to acne known as AcneNet which aims to educate on any acne related issues. The two quotation marks on page 7 were taken from this web site based on research carried out by AAD. Other beginnings such as the Journal of Dermatological Treatment, besides came up with similar information. The website information could hold some restrictions as merely research carried out by the AAD is taken into history and updates may non be current. Another of import web site used is http: //www.acneorg.com. The information derived is dependable and precise as it is a reputable web beginning. There are many positive cuttings in the media sing acne.org such as the New York Times and NBC.com. However the biasness was nil, since lone facts and figures of surveies were taken. Another beginning used in this research is an article from the newspaper, News Straits Times, dated the 30th of May 2010. It was a study on Isotretinoin. The information was precise and up-to-date as it was published late. There was no biasness as it was an article on facts and written to educate the populace.

International cuisine assignment Essay

Answers: 1. Below are six dishes and seasonings commonly eaten by Southeast Asians or Pacific Islanders: Adobo is the most popular dish in the Philippines. It is meat which is usually cooked with vinegar, garlic, pepper and sometimes soy sauce and coconut milk can also be added. The meat may be pork or chicken. Adobo is usually eaten with steamed rice and eaten as a meal for breakfast, lunch or dinner. Lumpia is another food from the Philippines. It is usually eaten for merienda or a meal in between lunch and dinner. Merienda is comparable to English high tea. Lumpia is similar to a spring roll. It is usually made of vegetables such as cabbage, bean sprouts, carrots and ground meat wrapped in a thin piece of pastry. Its roots come from the Chinese who brought it to the Philippines. Pancit is another foo from the Philippines which is usually eaten for merienda. The food is also introduced by the Chinese migrants to the Philippines. It is fried noodles with assorted vegetables, shrimp, pork, chicken or ham. It is usually accompanied with calamansi, a citrus fruit similar to lime, which is squeezed onto the noodles. Halo-halo, which literally means to mix, is a favorite dessert among Filipinos especially during the summer. It is made of assorted beans, fruits such as banana, coconut flesh, jackfruit and tapioca balls which are layered on top of shaved ice. The dessert can also be topped with custard or ice cream. It is eaten by mixing all the ingredients which is served in a tall glass. Milk and sugar is also added according to taste. Nuoc Mam or fish sauce is usually used as seasoning to every dish in Vietnam. It is extracted from fermented fish and used in cooking or as a dipping sauce during meals. The Vietnam fish sauce is said to be more pungent than other Southeast Asian fish sauces. It is usually done by adding a bit of shrimp paste into the sauce. The Nuoc Mam Sauce is made from Nuoc Mam with fresh chilies, garlic, sugar, lime and vinegar. This is used as a dipping sauce for meals. Nam Prik is another condiment used in almost all Thai dishes. It is a spicy paste prepared in a variety of ways. One most commonly way of preparing this is by mixing roasted green onions, garlic, softened dried chilis grounded together with Nam Pla of â€Å"fish water† until it becomes a creamy paste. This may be served as a dipping sauce with toast triangles or rice crackers as an appetizer. 2. A. The two countries that will be discussed in this section are Italy and Germany. Three traditional foods from Italy are calzone, risotto and panettone. Knodel, sauges and beer are some of the traditional foods from Germany. B. Calzone originated from Naples in Italy, which is considered the culinary capital Southern France. It is pizza dough folded over a filling of cheese, ham or salami and is baked or fried. The southern part of France is agriculturally poorer than the northern part. Risotto is a creamy rice dish cooked in butted and chicken stock and usually flavoured with parmesan cheese and saffron. This dish originally came from Milan. Last is the panettone which is a special dessert traditionally served during Christmas. It is a type of fruitcake. The climate in Germany is generally cold and damp. Certain crops that grow in such weather conditions include potatoes, cabbage and beats. Knodel is a type of dumpling from Germany usually stuffed with potatoes and cooked with or without yeast. Sausages or wurst are the most common German food. There are four basic types of sausages: Rohwurst which is similar to liverwurst and is ready to eat; Bruwurst of the frankfurter which is scalded which can be eaten as is or by simmering it first; Knockwurst which is like cold cuts and Bratwurst which is raw and must be fried or grilled before eating. The cold climate in Germany encourages people to drink alcohol to keep them warm. Beer usually accompanies sausages. Such as in sausages, there are four types of beer: Pilsner which is light in color and has bitter taste; Lager which is aged about 6 weeks and is the most common type of beer in Germany; Bock which has the strongest flavour; and Marzenbier which is midway between Pilsner and Bock and is usually served during Oktoberfest. Oktoberfest is a 16-day festival observed from September to October and is celebrated by sausage-eating and beer-drinking and polka bands. 3. A. Similarities in cuisine between China, Japan and Korea are mainly because Japan has very strong Chinese influences while Korea has been controlled by China and Japan throughout much of its history. As early as 0-300 AD, record showed the extensive contact between Japan and China. The Japanese consider China as an ancient civilization from which its own culture stems from. Japan is often considered the daughter of Chinese civilization. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Japanese scholars were sent to China to help establish their own identity. The Japanese brought a number of teachings and culture from China which they adopted to Japan. These include: Buddhist teachings, Chinese customs and cultures, bureaucracy, architecture and city planning. These factors have influenced Japanese cuisine. Marine trading between China and Japan was also prevalent during 600-1600AD. Many similar ingredients found in both countries can be owed to this phenomenon. Korea, being under Japan and China through mush of its history, adopted many of these countries customs and culture. Its proximity to the two countries also suggests extensive trading and contact and therefore being influence by culture, tastes and manner of cooking. Their proximity also suggests similar weather patterns and therefore similar vegetation and animal breeds which are used in cooking and meal preparation. Another factor is the isolationist foreign policies of Korea and Japan. Because of this, they were not open to Western culture and have stuck to their Chinese roots. Their differences are due to environmental situation and climate. Although eating raw fish was said to have originated in China, pollution of their rivers made this an impractical custom. Only the Japanese traditionally eat raw fish since they have preserved the cleanliness of their rivers. The travel time of trading goods has also initiated differences in preserving foods. In Korea, food that came from mainland China are preserved in salt and chili to preserve them throughout the changing seasons. B. All three countries prevalently use soybean products in their meals. Tofu which is a soybean by-product is used in soups and viands while soy sauce is often used as a condiment for pre seasoning and as a dipping sauce. Soybean products are also used instead of dairy products. Another similarity is how these countries consider food. Food is considered to be more than just a meal, it is used because of its health benefits and for spiritual purposes. Thus they all used a lot of medicinal herbs in their menu such as ginseng. They also classify food according to spiritual balance such as the yin and yang. As food for the soul, the Chinese, Japanese and Koreans put emphasis in how the food is prepared and served according to their beliefs and customs. C. Japanese cuisine is different from Chinese and Korean in the sense that most of their food is cooked in or over water while other Asian food use oil such as peanut and corn oil, as a medium for cooking. In this way, Japanese have the least events of heart disease and high cholesterol levels. Japanese cuisine is also notably simple as compared to Chinese and Korean fares. As opposed to Chinese and Korean dishes, Japanese use seasonings sparingly, letting the subtle flavors of the ingredients take centerstage. Unlike the Koreans and Chinese who are fond of preserved foods, the Japanese put importance on the freshness of the food and prize the first picks of a season’s harvest. D. As mentioned above, the Japanese uses few spices and value the natural flavors and freshness of foods. Most chefs describe Japanese cuisine as simple and pure. E. Korean food is very spicy and put emphasis in the colors of the food for aesthetic presentation. Kimchi, an example of a spicy food, is vegetable preserved in chili peppers. The colors that constitute Korean dishes are white, red, black, green and yellow. 4. It is interesting to note how culture, climate, religious beliefs, geography, political arrangements and migration patters affect the types of food served in a region or country. In Europe for example, alcohol is normally served with meals because of the climate. It is generally cold in Europe. This also explains the type of crops that grow in such conditions. They usually have potatoes and cabbage. This food pattern was also adopted to Northern America because of migration patterns. In agriculturally abundant regions of Europe, they use tomato and other vegetable produce such as eggplants for their food. They also use dairy products as opposed to countries such as Korea, Japan and China where they use soy products instead of milk. They also use herbs such as basil to flavour their foods. In terms of religion and tradition, countries in Europe eat certain foods during festivals such as Christmas and feast days of saints and during lent. Politics also play a role in influences on food. For example, in Europe, they are able to discover new ingredients from their conquests of other lands. Chutney, which is a condiment of spiced fruits in the British Isles is originally from India. Geography also plays a critical role. Countries near bodies of water tend to eat mostly seafood while those in the inland have meats in their diet. Those who migrate or travel a lot usually discover the method of pickling and come up with different kinds of relish and cured meat.

The Dressmaker of Khair Khana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Dressmaker of Khair Khana - Essay Example In addition to this, she mobilizes her community to stand against the Taliban who had taken control of Kabul City where she lived. This book is therefore her personal story and her buoyancy to keep her family intact at a time when there is chaos in Afghanistan and women are not allowed to go to any public places and particularly to schools. My paper will look into the two major issues of distributive injustice as well as cultural imperialism that Kamila and her community faced once the Taliban entered their city of Kabul. Deutsch defines distributive injustice as having four different kinds of capital which includes investment, consumption, social and skill (Deutsch, 2005). In Kamila’s example they face skill capital especially when Kamila who has completed her teaching degree is denied the chance to get a teaching job and is forced to stay at home. There is also the social capital whereby kamila her sisters and the women in the neighborhood get together to grow the dressmakin g business. Cultural imperialism on the other hand according to Deutsch â€Å"involves the universalization of a dominant group's experience and culture and establishing it as the norm.". For example in Kamila’s story the women have to wear the chadri as mandated by the Taliban’s, something that they were not used to. When it comes to growth mindset Dweck states that is helpful to people’s growth as they look forward to a successful future however there is always a risk of failure (Dweck, 2006). For instance Kamila did not despair when she found out she could not get work, instead she started her own business in dressmaking and made it her priority to see it through to the end. Her business was however facing a lot of challenges particularly from the Taliban’s. This example shows that there is a risk element in growth mindset since despite the fact the Kamila was hopeful of succeeding her businesses she could she did not see the challenges ahead of her w hich would have affected the businesses growth. History of Afghanistan Afghanistan’s history dates back to 500BC at the time of the Achaemenid Empire. The meaning of Afghanistan translates to â€Å"land of Afghans†. Some of the most powerful kingdoms came because of Afghanistan state with the inclusion of Kushans, Ghurids, Hotakis, Mauryas and many others. When it comes to how women in Afghanistan are treated, this is whole different story especially compared to western societies. Women in Afghanistan are denied the privilege to many essential things with examples of education, work and even power. It is believed that women’s role is to stay at home while the men go out to fend for the family. Women are also not allowed to speak in public as they are only to be seen and not heard. Should they go out they have to be escorted by a man from their own home. Once the Taliban gained power in the year 1995, girls and women were automatically discriminated upon as well as their human rights being undermined. As a result, this led to the social and economic standards of women getting worse. Women who had previously been having good jobs as doctors, teachers found themselves jobless. This is why prostitution increased at a very alarming rate. In the year 2001, the Taliban has later prohibited women from even driving their own cars. Worse still, they would be humiliated and hammered in public. Another Taliban rule was that women had to go out fully covered from head to toe with the

Macroeconomics and the Newspaper Industry Assignment

Macroeconomics and the Newspaper Industry - Assignment Example In contrast, those news events delivered through television programs and online sites are more updated and therefore regarded most useful. Do you subscribe to a local paper, and if so, do you receive a print copy or receive it electronically? One does not subscribe anymore to a local paper due to the abovementioned reasons. However, previously, subscriptions were made so that a print copy is regularly received. When online sites started providing more accurate and updated news reports, subscription for printed newspaper was stopped. How have changes in the news industry affected unemployment? Changes in the news industry have affected the status of people being employed in the sector. As more news organizations and corporations close and stopped operations, necessarily, people who were previously employed with them lose their jobs (Ovide; Li). Discuss how changes in this industry have resulted in not only cyclical unemployment, but also frictional and structural unemployment. The changes in the industry exemplified cyclical, frictional and structural unemployment since the effect of factors in the external environment (slowdown of economic growth, recession (cyclical); people changing jobs (as a result of being laid-off from print organizations (frictional; and technological reliance on the internet for news causing significant decline in the demand for print copies of the newspaper (structural)) are interrelated and are contributory to the loss of jobs of people previously employed by newspaper organizations. Ovide, Shira. "Seattle Paper Advances Plans to Turn Into Online-Only Publication." The Wall Street Journal 9 March 2009: 1.Web. 18 June 2012.

Outside speech Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Outside speech - Assignment Example Through the Elder Helpers volunteer organization, volunteers can do what the government cannot do. That is, to show kindness to a society that has done its part in building the nation. The elderly face a series of emotional, physical and societal problems. Physically, aging is the deterioration of the physical and mental mechanisms (Edward 533). Inevitably, the body becomes vulnerable to innumerable diseases and conditions such as Alzheimer’s. This deterioration of health has resulted in the elderly being identified as the handicapped, particularly in capitalist societies (Edward 533). Moreover, the challenges are made difficult by the high cost of medication and therapies resulting in a majority of the aging population living with the lack of proper health care. Currently, the elderly live solitary lives where they can go for days without communicating with other individuals. Some elders have also lost their spouses which results in emotional problems. Inevitably, the isolated life coupled with the physical challenges makes the elderly vulnerable to unhealthy lives that would most likely lead to more complications or even death. At this point, I know there are some who are wondering why we should help the elderly members in our society. Such people need to acknowledge the fact that aging is a definite event that occurs in the life of every individual. Soon, each and every one of us may live long enough to experience the complications that arise through aging. At that point in our lives, I am certain we would all be grateful if the society helped us go through aging stress-free. Furthermore, the elderly in our society are important because, without them, the current generation would not exist. Elderly Helpers is an opportunity to interact with the elderly in the society and assist them in their day to day lives (elderlyhelpers.org). Moreover, the organization is an opportunity for young members in the society to provide

Christian Service Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Christian Service Paper - Essay Example Initial Expectations and Alterations in the Viewpoints My initial expectations from the role in service site were highly influenced by the example of various social leaders. When joining Christian Services, I also expected a certain degree of spiritual satisfaction when serving the community with the sole motive of social welfare, apart from economic value obtainment. I also expected the job to be less challenging than the other tasks related with community welfare through non-profit firms. However, once I started working in Christian Services, I realized that even though the task comprised unambiguous responsibilities and a determined work process, the role presented significant challenges in terms of a varied range of the data obtained through the questionnaires used. ... Prior to my joining in the group, I also presumed that owing to governmental policies and the increased accessibility to resources, communities today have become quite competent to attain the demanded growth. However, after joining the group, I found that non-profit concerns and social groups, such as Christian Services play a significant role working as intermediaries to serve with adequate resources to the community. Correspondingly, my expectations have also altered by a significant extent after identifying the fact which has positively influenced the way I valued my service role in the group. One person who played a vital role in redefining my perceptions and expectations from the service role was my senior and also my mentor in the initial phase of my experiences in Christian Services. He not only made me realize the criticality of my job role but also conveyed me the actual aim and objective of the community. It has been through the influence of this information that my expecta tions have altered in relation to the service site being concerned towards a greater degree of efficiency in relation to the service deliverance of community welfare rather than focusing upon personal benefits. Benefits of Christian Work One of the major benefits of Christian work, which I have been able to identify during my course of service, is the opportunity that is offered by the group to its volunteers in offering the community with valuable assistance to grow. To be specific, the group offers with ample scope to serve the community with greater participation in identifying the growth needs and the obstacles witnessed by the common public. Hence, by being associated with the group, I realized myself to be quite benefitted with greater

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Project Management - Essay Example They can be defined as groups or individuals having interest in the project and that interest can be good or bad influence the results of the project Pinto (2010) . In that case stakeholder analysis can be used to identify and resolve some of the conflicts that arise while introducing any new project. This analysis is used to make strategies to make the stakeholders’ impact positive on the project. Some stake holders can have varying impacts on projects ranging from drastic impact to little impact. For example Pinto (2010), gives an example by explaining that government can strictly limit the sales of any tobacco project by implementing different rules and regulations while on the other hand a software development company may not face that strict rules and regulations by the same stakeholder. Every stakeholder has own demand which may be in conflict with other stakeholder’s demand and the conflict of demands may prove to be challenging for the project manager (Kuenkel et al, 2011). For example, a team of any project working to repair a new software across organization can go for many revisions to check the satisfaction of their customers and in doing so may make other stakeholders uneasy by rescheduling the deadline again and again that might be a challenge for the project manager. In these cases, the project manager needs to balance the demands of all the stakeholders by maintaining supportive relationship among all the stakeholders. There are two types of stakeholders i.e. internal stakeholders such as top management, accountant, project team members and other functional managers. External stakeholders such as clients, competitors, suppliers, environmental, political and other invervenor groups (Pryke, 2006). Internal stakeholders are important in a stakeholder analysis and usually they affect the project positively because in most cases the internal stakeholders want the project to be successfully completed (Poonia, 2010). External

Construction management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction management - Essay Example 324). The Site Waste Management Plan regulations were introduced in the United Kingdom and particularly in England (legislation.gov.uk, 2008), due to the huge amounts of construction wastes that were abandoned at construction sites. According to the SWMP regulations, all construction projects in England with a value of  £300,000 must have a Site Waste Management Plan (Gov.uk, 9 January 2013). The regulations were passed in February 2008; however, they came into full force in April 2008. Therefore, â€Å"the regulations do not apply to any project planned before 6 April, if construction work commenced before 1 July 2008†¦apply to all projects with a value of  £300,000 or more,....additional...requirements for projects with a value of  £500,000 or more† (Hughes and Ferrett, 2011, p. 640). Through the Site Waste Management Plan regulations, a plan for managing the disposal of waste during the whole of a construction project is provided (Wrap, 2013). Using information based on the design of a building at the preconstruction stage, estimated quantities of waste that a site can produce are identified using the Site Waste Management Plan. Consequently, the best decisions on the most economical ways to manage construction waste are also identified. Therefore, the reason behind the introduction of the Site Waste Management Plan regulations 2008, â€Å"is to ensure that the element of waste generation is thought about right from the design and specification stage and facilitate the selection of the construction methods and materials that would effectively minimise waste generation† (Chartered Institute of Building , 2010, p. 199). Other objectives of the Site Waste Management plans 2008 are also to boost the amount of construction waste that is found, reused, and recycled, and improve the efficiency of construction materials. Prevention of illegal waste action is another objective of the

Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Example for Free

Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Examine the ways in which the author, creates suspense and tension in The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Body Snatcher by Robert Louis Stevenson Speckled Band The Speckled Band is about an evil stepfather named Dr Roylott who has the intention of murdering his stepdaughter Helen to gain her property, having already murdered her older sister Julia, in a mysterious way. When his younger stepdaughter gets suspicious, as the mysterious circumstances repeated themselves, she contacts Mr Holmes. Mr Holmes tries to help Miss Stoner find out who killed her older sister and what with. In the opening paragraph we are given unanswered questions, which makes the reader feel uncertain of the situation. We are told Holmes only investigates strange cases; this makes the reader wonder what they are going to be learning of. Sherlock Holmes awoke from his sleep earlier than usual, even though he is described as a late riser. This interests the reader because of the sense of urgency, which Homes shows. Miss Stoner is described as wearing a black dress and veil. This makes the reader curious as to why is she wearing black as black usually symbolises death or that a tragedy has happened. Watson and Holmes mention that she is shivering, a sudden twist occurs when the woman replies It is not the cold which makes me shiver it is fear it is terror. This reply creates tension and apprehension, we are presented with many unanswered questions, Why is she scared being the main one. This creates suspense and tension because the unanswered questions give us vague details about the whole situation. Miss Stoner had prematurely grey hair this detail was mentioned because sometimes people who have a lot of stress get grey hair prematurely, so the author is trying to emphasise that she is extremely worried about the situation. Also she is described as a hunted animal, this emphasises her vulnerability and causes the reader to be uncomfortable. We only know that she is troubled and fatigued but what caused it is unknown to the reader even though we are told all of these descriptions of Miss Stoner. We are told about Dr Roylott and of how he murdered his native butler. This increases the awareness of the reader about Dr Roylotts aggressive and violent behaviour. He keeps exotic Indian animals such as the baboon and cheetah, which makes Dr Roylott baffling since he doesnt act in a normal way so the reader cannot fully understand his character. Dr Roylott followed Miss Stoner to Mr Holmes house. This makes Dr Roylott seem a desperate person seeing as he is willing to spy on his stepdaughter and it therefore seems that he has something to hide. Dr Roylott is described as a man with immense strength and with a very short-tempered anger. This is reinforced when Dr Roylott bent the poker and warned Mr Holmes that he is a very dangerous man. This striking first appearance of Dr Roylott makes the reader understand why he is such a dangerous man. Dr Roylott has the ability to intimidate most people but not Sherlock Holmes. Holmes is now seen as the knight in shining armour who is going to save Helen. Dr Roylott lets gypsies to stay on his land he becomes friends with them. This makes him seem more mysterious because people in that time of age wouldnt usually allow gypsies to stay on their grounds and then associate themselves with them, this is a very abnormal type of behaviour. Miss Stoner told Sherlock Holmes that Julia said before she passed away that it was the speckled band and then pointed towards Dr Roylotts room. This leads the reader to think that the death had something to do with the gypsies, the reason being that gypsies were usually stereotyped as wearing bandanas. The reader assumes that the gypsies may have killed Julia. We learn about Helens problems when she explains them to Holmes, we are now answered some of the questions the reader had before. We are told that Helens sister was murdered which raises tension in the conversation. The fact that Julia died just before the day of her wedding raises the awareness of the reader. Since Dr Roylott wanted to keep the money, hed have to get rid of Julia before she was married, this raises suspicion about him. The reader asks why did he go to bed early? We have more unanswered a question such as How did she die? that bewilders the reader. Helen tells us in great detail about the night Julia died next-door to Dr Roylotts room. Julia earlier that night heard a peculiar low whistle and a loud sound of metal being struck. These strange noises give a sense of unease to the reader. The two sisters would lock themselves in their room, which tells us they dont feel safe on their own, we had no feeling of security unless our doors were locked. Julia is alone and isolated from her sister and the strange sound creates tremendous stress within the reader because the reader is scared for her. A cheetah and a baboon are loose in the garden. Helen is engaged; when Julia was just about to get married she was killed. The reader already knows that if they got married Dr Roylott would lose a lot of money. These two factors are put together and now the reader fears for Helens life. Mr Holmes inspects the room that Julia died in. He notices that the house is being repaired even though it doesnt seem to need repair. Helen told Holmes I believe that it was an excuse to move me from my room, now that she is in the room in which her sister died in, she is now very vulnerable. The fact that the house has scaffolding gives the reader the impression that a person may have entered the house from the outside, this misleads the reader slightly from what really happened. The room door had been locked and shutters with iron bars blocked the windows. The room had very unusual features such as dummy bell ropes and ventilators that did not ventilate. The ventilator goes into Dr Roylotts room, we are now wary of Dr Roylott that he used these features to kill Julia. In Dr Roylotts room was a saucer of milk, which is quite strange since if it were for a cheetah it would have drank it in one lick. Also a lash that was tied in a loop of whipcord was found in Dr Roylotts room, this produces an image that he may have strangled Julia because it was designed to get tighter when pulled and could have been placed through the ventilator to strangle her. The whole situation holds the reader in suspense and there is a sense of unpredictability as to what is going to happen. Mr Holmes is capable of noticing small points and then reaching a conclusion, he demonstrated his ability as a detective at the beginning of the story when he knew how Miss Stoner got to his house by glancing at her ticket and coat. He notices these small points and puts them together, after that incident the reader is able to rely on Mr Holmes for answers. After he examined both of the rooms he advised Helen to listen to what he said because her life may depend upon it. Holmes had certainly spotted something very significant but he does not tell us which adds to the anxious and tense atmosphere. Mr Holmes and Watson discuss the situation, Mr Holmes clearly informs Watson that the bed being clamped to the floor, the ventilator and dummy bell rope played a link of the death of Helen. The scene is dark that gives a chilling scene. Mr Holmes and Watson encounter a distorted child whilst walking on the grounds it was described as having writhing limbs. This is a grim picture that adds to the dark and chilling atmosphere. The child is described as running swiftly across the lawn into darkness, which makes everything seem mysterious and strange. We later find out it was the baboon. When Holmes is in Helens room they agree to sit without light, since there is no light unexpected things happen such as the noises they hear. The reader is now fearful for Holmes and Watson because they cant clearly see whats happening. Holmes tells Watson to have the pistol ready which gives the impression that they are waiting for something terrible to happen which creates a huge amount of anxiety and apprehension. Holmes for the first time in the story is nervous; this makes the reader think that a big event is about to take place. The cheetah is at liberty that increases the sense of insecurity. We as readers are unsure of what is going to happen and so is Watson, they waited silently for whatever might befall. They sit in the room waiting for what is going to happen for hours. Holmes sprang from the bed and lashed furiously with his cane at the bell pull; the reader and also Holmes are very anxious and edgy. Mr Holmes shouted to ask Watson if he could see it? but he couldnt, this creates tension and the fact that Watson cant see it he is at a higher risk of being harmed so therefore the reader worries for Watson. Then the low whistle occurred followed by a horrible cry which swelled up louder and louder, Watson and the reader are disorientated about what could of that scream have meant. The doctor was being choked but we dont understand what is going on. Watson and Holmes feel insecure, take your pistol and we will enter Dr Roylotts room. Holmes and Watson find a swamp adder wrapped around Dr Roylotts neck. The reader now understands that the speckled band was the patterns on the snake, the suspense and the tense feeling gradually fades away from the reader. At the end of the story an unpredictable twist happens, that of the speckled band. The author used a very successful red herring; the reader now knows the red herring was the gypsies, because the reader when told of the speckled band in the beginning assumes that it was the gypsies. As the story progresses there are more and more possibilities of the cause of Julias death, the gypsies being one of many. Holmes solved that the saucer of milk was there to lure the snake, the reader couldnt link these clues together and therefore tension is built up very well. The baboon and cheetah acted as a slight red herring since they made them feel insecure and increased the tension in situations even though they were not involved. The author is successful in keeping suspense and tension all through out the story keeping the reader intrigued and interested.

Inflation and Fiscal Policy in the UAE

Inflation and Fiscal Policy in the UAE Table of Contents (jump to) 1. Inflation in that existing economy then suggested an applicable solutions to cope these statement Political and Social Stability Oil and Mineral Resources Agricultural Resources 2. Evaluate advantage and disadvantages of the current fiscal policy and monetary policy being implemented in the chosen country 3. Find out and explain the effectiveness of various economic growth reforms that were carried out in the past years Dubai to sustain % GDP growth in 2014 DH953.2 Billion GDP estimates at current 2013 Abu dhabi’s GDP up 5.6% in 2012 Contribution of extractive industries to Abu Dhabi’s GDP amounted to 5% in 2011 4. Examine the effect of the balance of payment on the exchange rates in the chosen country explaining. How the chosen country manages its foreign debt 1. Inflation in that existing economy then suggested an applicable solutions to cope these statement Thirty years back the UAE was one of the slightest created nations of the world. Today, it has attained a wage level practically identical to that of the industrialized countries. The UAE did not pass through the speculative advancement organizes that most created nations appear to have encountered. Rather, its extensive oil incomes have permitted her to jump these stages to the phase of high mass utilization. Monstrous oil incomes have empowered the UAE to alternate way the normally troublesome and long procedure of sparing and capital amassing important for financial improvement. Given a wealth of common asset blessings (oil and gas), the UAE has grasped asset based commercial ventures (RBI) as an advancement procedure, a mechanical technique that is focused around use of characteristic assets. There has been a sending of windfall wage, to a great extent coordinated at a for the last time help to the social and investment foundation, which empowered the UAE to attain a critical lev el of investment advancement inside the exact concise time period of 1973 to 1982, a period of moderately high oil costs (Kandil, Morsy, 2011). Prior to the disclosure and fare of oil, the economy of the Trucial States (which today structure the UAE) depended predominantly on subsistence farming, itinerant creature cultivation, the concentrating of pearls and the exchange pearls, angling, and marine. The period before the revelation of oil, hence, reflected the nations restricted regular assets, and brought about a basic subsistence economy (Kandil, Morsy, 2011). Political and Social Stability Since its shaping in 1971 the UAE has appreciated a political steadiness. The current political structures seem to suit the tribal pop culture of the UAE and the dissemination of immense oil incomes as social and financial base, high compensations, an elevated expectation of social administrations, for example, wellbeing and training has raised the expectation for everyday comforts for UAE nationals and impressively decreased the probability of inward political and social turmoil. It is worth saying that the UAE Government has kept up a generally decent record on human rights since the creation of the state. This thus has pushed political and social strength (Alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ mulali, Sab, Binti, 2011). The UAE is a dynamic part of numerous provincial and universal affiliations, for example, the Middle Easterner League, the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab Gulf Cooperation Gathering, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference. Oil and Mineral Resources The UAE is blessed with incomprehensible stores of oil, both seaward and coastal. Co partnered gas from raw petroleum generation and non-partnered gas is likewise created. Since the early 1970s the UAEs incredible development has depended to a great extent on the revelation and abuse of oil. The oil and gas commercial ventures are generally overseen and the most recent innovation is persistently tackled to build beneficial productivity. As indicated by the UAE Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, the UAE most extreme reasonable every day limit of oil generation (greatest creation rate that might be managed day by day for one year in current states of misuse) is 2 million barrels a day (Alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ mulali, Sab, Binti, 2011). Agricultural Resources The aggregate zone of area under farming and ranger service constitutes short of what 1.5 for every penny of the aggregate area territory of the UAE. Agribusiness has made just a little commitment to GDP (3.8 for every penny in 1999). There has, notwithstanding, been a reliable and significant expand in the measure of area committed to horticulture and ranger service in the course of recent years as the aftereffect of supported exertions by the UAE Government to advertise farming improvement utilizing the accompanying motivations (Osman, Louis, Balli, 2009): Agricultural plots are conceded allowed to any UAE national. Land is leveled and arranged mechanically for nothing. Production inputs, for example, seeds, manures, and insect sprays are given at half cost. Water wells are bored free of charge. There is procurement of free specialized administrations, for example, establishment of water pumps (Osman, Louis, Balli, 2009). 2. Evaluate advantage and disadvantages of the current fiscal policy and monetary policy being implemented in the chosen country Regardless of the UAEs pay rates positioning higher than the worldwide normal, supplementary expenses excessively are shooting up. As indicated by Dubai Statistics Center, on the premise of purchaser value information, expansion in Dubai rose to its most elevated amount in the most recent four years in October. Lodging and utility expenses, which represents just about 44 for every penny of purchaser costs, climbed 3.2 for every penny year-on-year and 0.2 for every penny month-on-month individually in October. Despite the fact that sustenance and drink costs climbed by 1.8 for every penny yearly, October costs fell 0.4 for every penny from the past month (Osman, Louis, Balli, 2009). In a Bayt.com compensation study of UAE experts, discharged not long ago, 28 for every penny of experts said their compensations expanded just hardly while an alternate 28 for every penny reported a moderate build. Around 19 for every penny of respondents said there was no change. The greater part of experts reviewed ascribed their pay climb to swelling and the climbing average cost for basic items while around 80 for every penny said that climbing rents constituted a significant a piece of their living costs. Be that as it may as business certainty gets in front of the Expo 2020 offer, Dubais lopsided climb in compensations in connection with rents could go about as a focused disservice in holding ability at later stages. It is important that as per the Bayt.com MENA Salary Survey (May 2013), 47 for every penny of UAE respondents accept that their steadfastness is 70 to100 for every penny connected to their compensation, consequently showing that pay is a key driver for corporate faithfulness for a lions share, said Suhail Masri, VP of offers, Bayt.com (al-Awad, 2013). This general pattern is seen over the Middle East that organizations must start to address; in doing thus, they will have the capacity to help building worker steadfastness and fulfillment, and will have the chance to decrease the amount of representatives looking to change employments inside the one year from now. Masri said that in spite of the lodging remittance given to UAE workers being the third most astounding in the district, climbing living expenses for occupants are a reason for concern. 3. Find out and explain the effectiveness of various economic growth reforms that were carried out in the past years Dubai to sustain % GDP growth in 2014 Billions of dollars worth of realty ventures to help economy Dubais economy is relied upon to develop around five for every penny not long from now, a comparable pace to 2013, the leader of its detail office said on Monday. Development in the Gulf emirate, the districts exchange and business center, grabbed firmly a year ago, floated by the possibility of government land ventures worth many billions of dollars. It is normal that development will arrive at around five for every penny in 2013,   official chief Arif Obaid Al Muhairi said on the Dubai Statistics the economy developed around 4.5 for every penny in the initial nine months of a year ago, he said. Dubai represents a quarter of yield of the UAE economy, with oil-fueled Abu Dhabi in charge of around 65 for every penny (al-Awad, 2013). The UAE, one of the worlds top oil exporters, has yet to discharge 2013 GDP information. DH953.2 Billion GDP estimates at current 2013 The Statistics Center-Abu Dhabi (SCAD) affirmed yesterday throughout a question and answer session held at the Abu Dhabi Economic Media Club, the last comes about and budgetary studies for 2012, which registered the GDP for the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and GDP gauges for 2013 (al-Awad, 2013). The Conference was gone to by Mr. Nasser Dayan, Director of Economic Statistics Department, Dr. Mohammed Al Dhaheri, Director of Field Surveys, Ms. Shamma Al Rumaithi, Director of National Accounts, and Mr. Osama Al Zugbi, Assistant Director of Economic Statistics Department. Mr. Nasser Dayan expressed that the vital comes about and assessments arrived at by SCAD on investment advancements in Abu Dhabi a year ago demonstrated that all financial exercises and divisions, oil and non-oil, accomplished development (Termos, Naufal, Genc, 2013). Abu dhabi’s GDP up 5.6% in 2012 In its yearly report for 2012, the Department ascribed the slower development in 2012 to the slight climb in the oil division in both creation and costs contrasted and 2011. It demonstrated Abu Dhabis true GDP remained at Dh678 billion in 2012 and said that notwithstanding the loosening development in 2012, Abu Dhabis economy kept up its recuperated and came back to its solid pace, exploiting the powerful enhancement methodology received by the emirates legislature as of late. The report demonstrated the oil division accomplished a 3.8 for every penny true development in 2012, which was lower than past rates acknowledged by the action throughout 2010 and 2011 (Termos, Naufal, Genc, 2013). Interestingly, non-oil exercises reinforce the increases accomplished over the recent years, and transformed into a solid mainstay of budgetary execution in the emirate, it said. Non-oil investment exercises recorded true development of 7.7 for every penny in 2012, contrasted with 6.7 for every penny and 6.1 for every penny in 2011 and 2010 separately. This considered absolutely the commitment of non-oil exercises to the true GDP of the Emirate, which rose to 48 for every penny in 2012 contrasted with 44 for every penny in 2007. A breakdown demonstrated the land division developed by 16.7 for every penny in 2012, as an immediate consequence of the noteworthy recuperation of offers exercises in the land part in the Emirate (Basher, Elsamadisy, 2012). The assembling division stretched by 9.7 for every penny to a record Dh41.5 billion, the report indicated Contribution of extractive industries to Abu Dhabi’s GDP amounted to 5% in 2011 The extractive business is the spine of the economy of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and a standout amongst the most vital parts of the national pay of the emirate, where oil incomes are utilized within development of base tasks, and in addition other monster national commercial enterprises. The commitment of extractive industry to the GDP of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi arrived at 58.5% in 2011, as an aftereffect of high oil costs in world markets, and the expand in creation of oil in Abu Dhabi. OPEC normal oil value rose from Us$77.45 for every barrel in 2010 to Us$107.46 for every barrel in 2011 (Basher, Elsamadisy, 2012). Aggregate Fixed Capital Formation: The aggregate altered capital framing in the extractive business movement rose from Dh 7.8 billion in 2006 to Dh 48.8 billion in 2011 at a yearly development rate of 44% on normal throughout the period, while settled capital shaping in the action developed by 11.6% in 2011 (Hamaideh, 2010). 4. Examine the effect of the balance of payment on the exchange rates in the chosen country explaining. How the chosen country manages its foreign debt Conversion scale administrations can harshly be characterized into three classifications: settled (pegged), adaptable (gliding) and moderate administrations. Before 1970s, most economies worked under settled conversion standard administration known as the Bretton-Woods framework. Under this framework, nations altered their trade rates against US dollar and the dollar was worth a settled measure of gold. All taking part coinage were certainly pegged to the gold. The framework was broken down following 25 years (1946-1971) yet the arrangement of altered conversion scale remained the favored administration in numerous nations. The fundamental inspiration for keeping trade rates settled is the conviction that a stable swapping scale can encourage exchange and speculation streams between nations by diminishing variances in relative costs and by lessening vulnerability (Hamaideh, 2010). Since 1971, economies have been moving towards adaptable conversion standard administrations, where the estimation of the cash is controlled by the business. In this setting, the residential coin, all else equivalent, devalues when interest for the remote money expands or supply of the outside cash diminishes and acknowledges when interest for the outside coin abatements or supply of the remote coin builds (Hamaideh, 2010). References Kandil, M., Morsy, H. (2011). Determinants of Inflation in GCC.Middle East Development Journal,3(02), 141-158. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1793812011000351 Alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ mulali, U., Sab, C., Binti, C. N. (2011). The impact of oil prices on the real exchange rate of the dirham: a case study of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).OPEC Energy Review,35(4), 384-399. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.17530237.2011.00198.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=userIsAuthenticated=false Osman, M. A., Louis, R. J., Balli, F. (2009). Output gap and inflation nexus: the case of United Arab Emirates.International Journal of Economics and Business Research,1(1), 118-135. http://inderscience.metapress.com/content/h815u130l51p1493/ al-Awad, M. M. (2013). Ex Ante Inflation Rates in the UAE. http://repository.yu.edu.jo/handle/123456789/535773 Termos, A., Naufal, G., Genc, I. (2013). Remittance outflows and inflation: The case of the GCC countries.Economics Letters,120(1), 45-47. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176513001468 Basher, S. A., Elsamadisy, E. M. (2012). Country heterogeneity and longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ run determinants of inflation in the Gulf Arab states† .OPEC Energy Review,36(2), 170-203. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1753-0237.2011.00208.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=userIsAuthenticated=false Hamaideh, M. E. (2010).A Risk Management Strategy To Hedge Projects Against Cost Escalation Caused By Price Inflation(Doctoral dissertation, British University in Dubai). http://bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/328

Difference Between Common Market and Custom Union

Difference Between Common Market and Custom Union George Walles How does a common market differ from a custom union with respect to the dynamic effects of European economic integration? What may impede the transition from a customs union to a common market? This essay will be looking to identify how a common market differs from a custom union in respect to dynamic effects of European economic integration. After that, the essay will be looking at the sort of factors, which may impede the transition from a custom union to a common market. A custom union is where all obstacles of free movement of goods and services are removed and a common external tariff is agreed. A common market is union of partners with free movement of goods, services, and the addition of free movement of labour and capital. The Treaty of Rome in 1957 set out the intension of a legal basis for the start of the EEC and to establish a Common market (Nello 2012). Custom union theory mainly looks at the static effects of European economic integration; this can be shown through the welfare effect diagram (figure 1). In the home country, based on their domestic supply and demand the price would be at Ph. World trade prices would be at P3 where world supply plus a tariff is equal. At P3 the domestic economy would Produce Q2 and import up to Q3. However once a custom union is established the price will fall to P2 as this is the price at which the union partners sell at. Yet they are still not as productive as the world supply because if you exclude the tariff they would produce the good more efficiently at a price of P1. At the price P2, the home country now produces only Q1 and imports up to Q4. However, the home country gains from being in the custom union, areas X and Y are gains and are trade creation of which are larger than the losses from trade, which is area Z, which is trade diversion. Area X is the gains to the consumer due to the lower prices, while area Y is the gains to the producer because of greater efficiency. However the gains from a custom union are only predicted to be with just 0.15 percent increase in growth. The problem with this analysis is that it only shows the static effects of a custom union, and it is only looking at an individual industry and not the economy as a whole. There are a number of dynamic effects made by a custom union is respect of European economic integration. However, these dynamic effects are explicit to that of a firm or an industry and are similar or the same effects of which a common market has, due to both custom union and common market having free movement of goods and services. These effects are a reduction in Monopoly power and increased competition, reduction in the levels of x-inefficiency and the reaping benefits of economies of scale. The difference between custom union and common market is the free movement of capital and labour, this essay is going to concentrate on the free movement of capital. The free movement of capital is where capital controls and restrictions on the amount of currency that may be imported or exported are abolished (Deutsche Bank 2013). Figure 2 is going to illustrate a situation where there is no capital mobility to free capital mobility in a common market to look at its welfare effects. The native capital owners in Home lose since their reward has fallen from r0 to r. The amount they lose is measured by the rectangle A. The Home labour increases its income by area A plus triangle B, thus the total impact on Home citizens is positive at equal to area D. The Home country also gains from the extra capital flows as it raises total output by area B+C+D+E, while payment to the new capital is only equal to C+D+E, which is r times the capital flows. Moreover, Foreign output drops by D+E, while capital remaining in foreign sees its rewards rise from r*0 to r. The size of this gain is shown in the rectangle F, which is the change in r times the amount of capital left in the foreign country after integration. The total gains to foreign capital is area C+D+E, while the loss to foreign labour is area D+F. The Foreign country therefore gains from the capital outflow by an area equal to triangle C (Baldwin Wyplosz 2009:557). Thus to conclude from this diagram, Capital flows create winners and losers in both nations but collectively they both gain from free movement of capital. The main reason why is due to greater efficiency. For example, foreign capital was producing at r*0 which is inefficient but once there is free movement of capital it then produces at r0 in the Home country. Therefore, capital flows improve the overall efficiency of the EU economy of which the gains and losses are split between the member countries (Baldwin and Wyplosz 2009:558). Furthermore, free movement of capital makes it more profitable to invest into other members economies, this is backed up by the fact that the EU is the largest source and destination of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in the world (European commission 2014). The main reason for greater investment this is due to heightened efficiency in the EU zone as the same amount of capital and labour can produce more output, as was explained in the figure 2. Free movement of capital has positive dynamic effects, due to an increase in investment. The best way to show an increase in investment due to European economic integration is through the Solow growth mode. For example When Spain join the EU along with Portugal in 1986 they both had an increase in FDI, for example Portugal FDI was $274,036,105 in 1985 and by 1987 this almost doubled to $465,868,833 and in Spain FDI was $1,967,804,468 in 1985 and by 1987 it had increased dramatically to $4,570,700,793 (World Bank 2014). This increased investment because of the theory of the multiplier effect should lead to an increase in growth, which both Portugal and Spain experienced after EU entry. For example in 1985 Portugals growth was 2.8% by 1987 it had increased to 6.4% similarly Spain in 1985 growth was 2.3% and by 1987 it had increased up to 5.5% (World Bank 2014). Furthermore, Albu (2013) found that the EU, is characterized by complete liberalization of capital movement, foreign trade and economic growth in general were directly influenced by foreign direct investment increasing, this can be shown the diagram below. (Baldwin Wyplosz 2009) If European integration raises investment from S to S2, the inflow of the curve S(GDP/L) will rotate upwards as shown in figure 3 to S2(GDP/L). This change would alter the equilibrium K/L (capital/labour ratio) and at point C. This can be seen also by the movement form K/L to K/L (2). Furthermore, the rising K/L ratio would raise the output per worker from Y/L to Y/L (2). The difference between point B and D show the medium run growth bonus from joining the EU (Baldwin Wyplosz 2009: 224). This can be backed up by economist Richard Baldwin who predicted an increase in GDP within 3.1 percent to 8.1 percent in the UK and even higher in other EU economies once the single market was completed (Baldwin 1989: 265). The second part of this essay will be looking at what may impede the transition from custom union to a common market. It can be argued that the European union was a custom union right up to the late 1980’s because of the impediments of free movement of labour and capital, which some are going to be looked at now. According to Pelkmans (2001: 184) the financial capital market has been completely liberalised since the late 1980s. On the other hand, Molle (2006: 123) found a number of different forms of impediments to free movement of capital. For example the lack of tax harmonization, as differences in tax levels may distort the market as they induce investors to locate in countries which offer the highest tax adjusted profit rates. The European Commission (1996: 42) found that insufficient liquidity of local markets, exchange rate risks, the tax treatment of non-residents, local prudential and incorporation requirements, and national differences in company law were reported as still inhibiting or distorting capital movements. A example of difficulty with free movement of capital is regarding to the banking system in the 1988, where the main obstacles to establishing banks in other member states was a mixture of authorization procedures, capital endowment requirements and restrictions on foreign acquisition. This restriction is proved, as only 1 percent of member states banks were foreign in 1988 (Nello 2012). However, the Maastricht Treaty outlined that all restrictions on the movement of capital between member states and between member and third countries shall be prohibited (Molle 2006: 140). Another issue which impedes the transition of a custom union to a common market is the free movement of labour. There are both cultural and social reasons and economic, the cultural are issues such as having to learn a new language and a new way of life and having to get used to new surroundings, while having to move away from family and friends is also an issue for people because of tight relationships. The social problems exist due to the labour market being heavily regulated, and with member states having different laws on minimum wage, hiring and firing , flexible labour contracts and qualifications (Pelkman 2001:168). This diversity between members acts as a deterrent for people to migrate. Another form of impediment to a common market is diversity is the lack of mutual recognition of qualification completed by people at university or course of training has not kept up to pace with another members standard (The Social and Economic Council in the Netherlands 2001). There showing how a lack of common recognition of standards and qualifications can hinder labour mobility. As free movement is crucial to common market as the EU created the Schengen group in 1985, the main aim was to eliminate border controls. The original members of the Schengen group were Germany and France with all the members later joining (Nello 2012). However, Ireland and England opted out and Demark partially opted out, therefore there is not complete free movement of labour. Furthermore, there are also restriction imposed by the EU itself, for example, migration in the EU is in principle free. Yet when the EU was expanded in 2004, special provisions were temporally imposed on the ten new members to limit migration from these countries to the EU15, with similar policies imposed on Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 (Baldwin Wyplosz 2009: 250). Thus showing more examples of what can and has impeded the transition from a custom union to a common market. In addition to accept, a job a person must have accommodation, while a residence permit for foreigners can be refused or made hard to ge t (Molle 2009). In conclusion this essay looks at identifying the main differences in respect of the dynamic effects of European economic integration of a common market and custom union, of which were found to be greater efficiency, and greater investment between member states as shown with the Spain and Portugal example. Furthermore, by using the Solow growth model demonstrated how these changes have led to higher economic growth within the EU. The Essay also demonstrates how custom union theory only explains the static effects of European economic integration and microeconomic effects within an industry and firms. The essay also outlines a number of potential impediments that moving from a custom union to a common market can have on both the labour and capital mobility, but also gave empirical examples of these impediments taking place in the contemporary European Union. References Albu, L (2013) Foreign trade and FDI as main factors of growth in the EU. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 16 (2), PP. 7-17 Baldwin, R. (1989) The Growth Effect of 1992. Economic policy, 4 (2), pp. 247-281 Baldwin, R,. Wyplosz, C,. (2012) The Economics of European Integration. 4th Ed. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Deutsche Bank (2013) The Single European Market 20 years on. Frankfurt: DB Research European Commission (1996) Economic evaluation of the internal market.no. 4. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities European Commission (2014) Investment [online] available from http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/accessing-markets/investment/> [25 October 2014] McDonald, F,. Dearden, S. (2005) European Economic Integration. 4th Ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall Molle,W. (2009) The Economics of European Integration, Theory, Practice, Policy. 5th Ed. Aldershot: Ashgate Nello, S. (2012) The European Union Economic, Policies History. 3rd Ed. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Pelkman, J. (2001) European Integration Methods and Economic Analysis. 2nd Ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall The Social and Economic Council in the Netherlands (2001) Labour mobility in the European Union. Bezuidenhoutseweg: Social and Economic Council World Bank (2014) Foreign direct investment, net inflow (BoP current US$) [online] available from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD?page=5> [25 October 2014} World Bank (2014) GDP Growth (annual %) [online] available from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?page=5> [02 October 2014]

Generations Essay -- Sociology, Baby Boomers

Generations at Work The dynamics associated with working with people in an office, department, or organization are difficult to classify or explain. Also, personalities, positions, ages, and values are all aspects of how people relate in order to get the job done. Moreover, each generation brings elements and distinct predilections to the work environment. Thus, the four generations represented in today’s workforce is examined. My Generation People born between 1946 and 1964 are classified in American society as baby boomers. I found out in my thirties that I was part of this generation. While I had heard of the term growing up it never occurred to me that I was a member, especially since I barely qualify. According to a survey conducted by Pew Social & Demographic Trends Project, baby boomers are the gloomiest generation. Moreover, their outlook on everything from health, finances, and quality of life is bleak (Cohn, 2008). However, some experts refute this assessment. They maintain baby boomers also referred to as the â€Å"Me† generation, are competitive, self-sufficient and are called are considered workaholics. Hence, their serious work ethic prompted many to remain in the workforce longer than expected. Consequently, baby boomers stay on the job in some capacity typically as part-time workers to sustain a certain level of income to support hobbies and other non-career interests (Cordington, 2010). Clearly, some baby boomers have a sense of despair heightened by a combined dread of aging and loss of income (Cohn, 2008). Although this generation’s median household income is more than adults 25 to 44 ($53,000) and adults 65 and over ($30,000), transitioning to a fixed income with increased medical bills is... ... â€Å"While older workers make more errors, perhaps due to declining physical attributes, they hardly make an severe errors, perhaps due to more experience,† (Fernandez, 2011, p.1). Ironically, the skills older workers have are too specific and unique to fit the needs of today’s multi-layer positions. Therefore, multi-dimensional, computer savvy younger workers, weaned on cutting edge technology are preferred (â€Å"The New York Times,† 2009). Conclusion The four generations represented in today’s workforce have tendencies perceptions and misconceptions about the other that can hamper work relationships. However, each group brings capabilities, beliefs, and values necessary to make a company successful. Hence, the creativity, innovations, and ingenuity indicative of the American workforce are due in no small part to tolerating the gaps perceived in each generation. Generations Essay -- Sociology, Baby Boomers Generations at Work The dynamics associated with working with people in an office, department, or organization are difficult to classify or explain. Also, personalities, positions, ages, and values are all aspects of how people relate in order to get the job done. Moreover, each generation brings elements and distinct predilections to the work environment. Thus, the four generations represented in today’s workforce is examined. My Generation People born between 1946 and 1964 are classified in American society as baby boomers. I found out in my thirties that I was part of this generation. While I had heard of the term growing up it never occurred to me that I was a member, especially since I barely qualify. According to a survey conducted by Pew Social & Demographic Trends Project, baby boomers are the gloomiest generation. Moreover, their outlook on everything from health, finances, and quality of life is bleak (Cohn, 2008). However, some experts refute this assessment. They maintain baby boomers also referred to as the â€Å"Me† generation, are competitive, self-sufficient and are called are considered workaholics. Hence, their serious work ethic prompted many to remain in the workforce longer than expected. Consequently, baby boomers stay on the job in some capacity typically as part-time workers to sustain a certain level of income to support hobbies and other non-career interests (Cordington, 2010). Clearly, some baby boomers have a sense of despair heightened by a combined dread of aging and loss of income (Cohn, 2008). Although this generation’s median household income is more than adults 25 to 44 ($53,000) and adults 65 and over ($30,000), transitioning to a fixed income with increased medical bills is... ... â€Å"While older workers make more errors, perhaps due to declining physical attributes, they hardly make an severe errors, perhaps due to more experience,† (Fernandez, 2011, p.1). Ironically, the skills older workers have are too specific and unique to fit the needs of today’s multi-layer positions. Therefore, multi-dimensional, computer savvy younger workers, weaned on cutting edge technology are preferred (â€Å"The New York Times,† 2009). Conclusion The four generations represented in today’s workforce have tendencies perceptions and misconceptions about the other that can hamper work relationships. However, each group brings capabilities, beliefs, and values necessary to make a company successful. Hence, the creativity, innovations, and ingenuity indicative of the American workforce are due in no small part to tolerating the gaps perceived in each generation.

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative Action in Higher Education In its tumultuous forty year history, affirmative action has been both praised and attacked as an answer to racial inequality. The policy was introduced by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965 as a method of redressing discrimination that persisted despite civil right efforts and constitutional guarantees. After the passage of Title VII, which prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex and national origin, President Johnson shaped affirmative action through the passage of Executive Order 11246 in 1965. The executive order requires government contractors to "take affirmative action" toward prospective minority employees in all aspects of hiring and employment. On college campuses nation wide, the debate over affirmative action policies started with the implementation of Title VII. Many viewed affirmative action programs as a tool that would not only expand the opportunities of minorities but also play a significant role in diversifying America’s colleges and universities. However, in the late 1970’s, despite its good intentions, flaws in the policy began to show up. Reverse discrimination became an issue, exemplified by the Regents of California vs. Bake case in 1978. Allan Bakke, a white applicant, had been denied admission twice to the University of California Medical School at Davis, while less qualified minority students were being accepted. The medical school had separate admission policies for minority students and reserved and certain amount of spaces specifically for minorities. Bakke had felt that he had been discriminated against and maintained that his rejection violated the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment, so he took the University of California Regents to the Supreme Court of California. The Supreme Court ruled that while race was a legitimate factor in school admissions, the use of quotas as the medical school had set aside was not. The most important affirmative action decisions since the Bakke decision were in the landmark 2003 cases involving University of Michigan’s affirmative action programs. Two cases, first tried in 2000 and 2001, were involved: Gratz v. Bollinger, which challenged the University of Michigan's undergraduate admission’s policy and Grutter v. Bollinger which challenged its law school admission’s policy. As Bakke had done before, both Gratz and Grutter challenged the constitutionality of the University’s admission policy, which they argued, was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment. The Supreme Court upheld the University of Michigan Law School's policy, ruling that race can be one of many factors considered by colleges when selecting their students because it furthers "a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body.

Women and Veiling in Kashmir

WOMEN AND VEILING Traditionally Kashmiri women have enjoyed more freedom than women in other parts of the world. Particularly peasant women and lower class women used to work side by side with men. It was only upper class Syed families who wore burqas to maintain their elite structure and their foreign origin. The nationalist struggle wanted women to be politically mobilized and women found it a liberating opportunity. Their response was overwhelming to the struggle of 1990s. In Rita Manchanda’s ‘Guns and Burqa: women in Kashmir’s conflict’, according to a Kashmiri scholar in women’s studies, Momin Jan, it was in the 14th century that purdah was imposed on Kashmiri society. In Kashmir there was lack of women’s organization working for gender justice and social reform. The organizations which came up in 1970s and 1980s in Kashmir were imbibed with an Islamic agenda. Many elite women who came into politics were through their involvement in promoting Islamic social reform. As far as veiling of Kashmiri women is considered it started in 14th century with the coming of Afghans. They forced women to put burqa and pushed them inside. This didn’t last long; the lower class women resisted this veiling by demanding freedom. However women did hold to manage their role in the economic activities by working side by side with men. They were politically mobilized with Asiyah Indrabi coming on the scene, the campaign to reveil Kashmiri women started. Even many fundamentalist organizations were determined to veil Kashmiri women. Pamphlets were thrown in the women colleges, warning Kashmiri women to wear burqa and Kashmiri (Hindu) girls to wear a tikka. Posters were pasted on the walls of Mosques in different mohallas asking them to veil their women otherwise they would face dire consequences. But the women resisted this thing. Writing under pseudonym, Sara Bano, in a letter to the editor in the daily Al Safa, ‘questioned the legitimacy of linking wearing of burqa with the struggle for freedom and vowed that she would never wear a burqa even if she was killed’. The women did not accept to wear a burqa. But as the support to azaadi grew so the acceptance to purdah was also given. Many women workers were asked to wear burqa or to denounce their jobs. Women like Nayeema Ahmed Mahjoor, a radio-star and executive producer with Radio Kashmir, were under double pressure, to be veiled and to quit jobs denounced as un-Islamic. Nayeema had colour thrown on her by purdah crusaders. People were blindly following the militants what the militants said would be considered as the voice of Allah. Even the people with the modern outlook and thinking would ask their wives to wear burqa. The veiling became compulsory for the women of Kashmir. The emphasis on the veiling of women showed the assertion of men of the control over their women. According to them veiling was necessary for women as this would save them from the humiliating treatment by the security forces. But instead of giving them a sense of security it made them more vulnerable to the security forces. The militants in order to escape from the security forces used burqa. This developed a belief among the security forces that one in every three burqa clad persons was a militant. This led to the humiliation and sexual harassment of women at the hands of security forces. Due to this thing some of the militant groups declared that women need not wear a burqa. But it was for a short duration. Women organizations like DM or MKM started veiling campaign and asked women not to venture out unveiled. Those who disobey these orders had to face the wrath of these outfits. They had green colour thrown on them and also was there the reports acid being thrown on them. Asiyah denied the reports of acid being thrown on the women. Soon the campaign was withdrawn but not before it forced a backlash. Many of the urban and middle-class women turned away from the movement. Asiyah was not able to bring the urban middle-class support for the movement. But we can’t deny the fact that more women are wearing a burqa now than before the insurgency. But as we saw above, women were participants and not passive sites for reproducing a communal identity. This was most obviously reflected in their resistance to coercive veiling. But it was also discernible in women’s ambivalent negotiations with the ‘other’, in this case the Kashmiri pandit.

Summary of findings

Dear Mr. Manager: Below are some of the important discoveries I made concerning people that I and a couple of others in the company will be familiarizing myself with in the coming days. I believe that these details will minimize difficulties in communicating with Cuban locale. Cuba is known as a country both by its cigar and the fact that it is ruled by Fidel Castro. After the collapse of Soviet communism, Cuba still remains to be a Socialist state. What is the people like and how should one conduct him/herself when in Cuba especially doing business in the country? It’s a predominantly Catholic country, with traditions intermingling with culture, sprinkled with African Animist beliefs. The family is all-important; the hub of Cuban life. There is very little gender bias, hence women can hold government positions and can compete. Machismo is not an issue here unlike many of its counterparts in Latin America. Cubans are said to be cordial and convivial hence tourism has exceeded since the 1980s. In fact, it is the only Cuban source for the necessary foreign exchange. Tourism’s increase is quite due to its people; they are affable, very hospitable and generous. In terms of Cuban’s apparel, they are used to casual clothes but short pants in the thoroughfare are generally not their custom. Unless there is a need to attend a formal occasion where it would be typical for men to wear a jacket and a tie, men are otherwise not too formal in their day-to-day interactions, though Cubans love to dress up during their evening socializing events. Even in the cities it’s important that tourists should wear closed shoes since the streets are dirty. Observing time consciousness, Cubans usually have a lot of time to do for all the things that needed to be pursued; hence, that being late is more fashionable than arriving earlier. Meetings allotted for the business nature of the work, Cubans are said to think of the same. They tend to accept being late as part of their natural pride. Since they are relational types of people, they have the understanding that these are all preparations. Though one may arrive in the workplace on time, being late is not a big deal because for them relationships take time. In this mindset, business is built on relationship and so therefore, business will only thrive in that context. Though Spanish is spoken by the population, Cubans have developed different meanings with certain words that had been widely used. To illustrate, it is a big mistake if one mentions the word â€Å"papaya† because this had evolved into what is referred to as the female genitalia. In addition, â€Å"guaguas† simply means city buses. â€Å"The special period† that may be present among their conversations specifically meant the â€Å"time after the soviet fall. â€Å"Adios† has become to many people something with different connotations; it is more than â€Å"goodbye† but it is frequently used as â€Å"hello† communication. Another term is â€Å"Amarillo† which is attributed to traffic policemen and their outfits suited for your ages and â€Å"plan jaba† is a public policy allowing Cuban women who work to do their shopping. People here are conscious of titles, thus, it is perfectly advisable that whatever credentials a person possesses must be duly recognized. If one encourages conversation to take place, families and children are obviously to be good starters and topics that are â€Å"no-nos† are the 1988 grape export scare, politics or the human rights and the activism that pervades in the minds of Cuban citizenry. A guest should avoid using the first name of another until the other invites the other to do so. Calling a person with just only a â€Å"psst-psst† sound is normal for them and is not construed as rudeness. Reference: Foster, Dean. Understanding the Cuban Socialist Experiment. Cuba? Accessed August 1, 2007.   

Gender Segregation in ClassroomÂÂ

Gender segregation in educational institutions has been a subject of great deliberation as well as conflict. Proponents of single-sex schools give religious and orthodox arguments to assert that gender segregation is beneficial for the society on an aggregate level. However, critically evaluating the socio-economic situation of the world at present, one can very rightfully decipher that gender segregation fosters and give rise to gender disparity and inequality which is ultimately detrimental to a society in terms of development and progress. From my initial elucidation on the subject of gender segregation, it can rightly be discerned that I, keeping in view, the contemporary mode of life, is strongly in negation of gender segregation in classroom due to the fact that it gives a great chance for the gender imbalance to thrive and prosper which on the long run is extremely unhealthy for any society in modern times. One of the most important roles that can be played in correcting this state of affair is that of parents. Most of the times, it is no one else but a child's own parents who regards that their daughter/son must be taught separately without the interruption by any student of the opposite gender. Gender differences grow deeper in non-segregated schools and myths regarding men's and women's cognitive differences are highlighted more. One of the strongest reasons that underlie the negation of gender segregation in educational institutions, particularly at an initial school level, is primarily the fostering impact that it has on inequality. In his article entitled â€Å"should boys and girls be taught separately in our schools†, the author Ellie Mulcahy critically analyzes and evaluates both sides of the story; the one supporting gender segregation in schools and the one negating it. According to the author and other experts studying the same dilemma , we can assert that when boys and girls are taught separately in schools, the myths regarding men's and women's cognitive differences are highlighted and inculcated or embedded more strongly and deeply into the young minds of the students. The irony however lies in the fact that these differences have no such concrete basis and are just a form of irrational myths that has long been utilized by male chauvinists to gain advantage over the female specie. The writer further stresses that contrary to the mass believe that gender differences casts an immense impact on learning patterns or preferences, the research has not indicated or proved any such thinking (Mulcahy,2017) . This translates to the at that gender differences originated not biologically but is a result of psychological efforts to devalue a woman and disregard her rights to satisfy male ego. Furthermore, many times parents of the students think it right to segregate girls and boys in relation to the gender myths. David Holthose mentions in his article called â€Å"Gender segregation: Separate but effective?† a statement made by girl and which got affirmation from her parent too saying that girls don't question much when boys are around owing to their shyness. (Holthose,2010). This mindset of parents needs to be altered for good. In addition to this, even if some gender differences occur in learning they can possibly not be generalized and hence are subjected to some individual differences. Therefore, we can assert that co-education helps removing perceived and mythical gender differences in learning processes. Co-education helps avoiding gender stereotypes and the students learn gender fairness. David Holthouse has beautifully dealt with the subject of gender segregation in schools in his 2010 article entitled â€Å"Gender segregation: Separate but effective?†. The entire article is suffused with real life examples and testimonies and thinking of teachers, parents, students and experts and hence provides a holistic understanding of the matter. One of the parents named Mark Jones (his views being cited in the same article) regards that through this gender segregation in schools and supporting this form of education serves to support nothing but irrational ideas about gender coming from the â€Å"dark ages†. Students learn gender fairness when they study in co-educational institutions and the supposed ‘weaker gender' gets a chance to compete. The traditional â€Å"heroic behavior† and â€Å"good character† gets reinforced in single sex schools. (Holthouse,2010). By this we mean that boys in single sex schools are made to learn to be more competitive, aggressive and dominating while girls are trained to be more cooperative shy and quiet. Hence, there is more focus on reinforcing gender stereotypes which ultimately creates noncompetitive and least exposed women in future and it is due to this that the social crimes against women such as domestic violence, sexual violence, and other related crimes against women occur worldwide. The roots of such frustrations against women have a long history and schools serve as an institution where such initial judgments are formed. A stark example is given in the article when the author points out that in one specific 6th grade class in segregated school when boys were asked to brainstorm some words they were all related to action and aggressiveness and the girls were asked to imagine their â€Å"dream wedding cake† thereby indirectly telling them that they must think in the terms of gender. This ultimately keeps them away from developing any form of compassion towards opposite gender. In addition to this, boys took more STEM subjects (Science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and girls were inclined to take softer subjects such as Arts and drama and this is reinforced only in single-sex school setting. Conclusively, we can say safely assume that co-education lead students of both gender compete and remove gender specific expectation and roles.Many parents from the West as well as a lot of Muslim parents regard it good for their children especially the girls to get educated in a segregated school because of the free mixing of girls and boys in coeducational institution which can lead to teenage crimes but since this attitude depends on the nurture, children must not be segregated on the basis of this idea. Eventually they will step into a mix world and this attitude of parents will halt their interpersonal skills.Co-education prepares students to learn how to deal with opposite genders as they ultimately had to face in practical lives. Yet another reason for negating gender segregation is because of the fact that since this world is integrated and a mixture of both genders, students when practically exposed to the world won't find it difficult to settle if they have had a combined education system. Never in this century one could possibly find a road where only women are driving, or a departmental store where only men are shopping, or a club where only men are dancing and hence to survive in the corporate world, gender segregation must be dealt with opposition.The proponents of gender segregation in schools are of the view that because of the difference in the learning patterns of girls and boys, they must be segregated. This view also occurs on an online debating platform called debate.org where in order to support their stance on the subject they were of the view that to reach their maximum potential, girls and boys must be kept separately from each other's influence (Debate.org). In addition to this, the intimacies between girls and boys that occur quite easily in co-educational situations have been cited as one of the arguments against non-segregated schools. Although the latter claim by opposition might be true to some extent as seen in the increase in intimation, it can be controlled by enforcing strict rules and regulations. The former view point of segregating them on the basis of their different learning capabilities serve as a support to the already present gender inequity and discrimination faced by females in work places. Also, once they enter their professional lives, children from segregated schools find it hard to catch up with the mixed environment. According to Emily Martin, Deputy Director of the ACLU Women' Rights Program, gender segregation in schools cannot possibly boost learning by either sex because there has been no proven instance of this claim and the thinking that gender differences in cognitive patterns are there too, has no evidence whatsoever. (Holthhose, 2010. While the intimacy argument can be dealt with the inclusion of strict atmosphere in schools and schooling over maintaining a good distance amongst themselves, the opposition view of gender differences in learning only gives a toll to this social disease of gender inequality.Gender segregation must rightfully be dealt with opposition because it serves as a great propagator of gender inequality, strengthens gender myths regarding differences in the learning pattern, snatches the women right to competition and hence is detrimental to society. Therefore, coeducation must be supported so that gender integration and an ultimate success can be achieved.In the light of above arguments, it can be rightfully discerned that in order to uproot the social vices such as gender inequality and foster a modern growth and improvement in our societies, gender segregation in schools must be opposed. Since parents form a great part of their children's lives, they must treat their children openly and attend workshops or lectures where both can get a chance to work out the conflicts regarding this and enjoy the eventual enlightenment and benefits of it.ReferencesShould schools be segregated by gender? (n.d.). Retrieved February 08, 2018, from http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-schools-be-segregated-by-genderHolthouse, D. (2010). Gender Segregation: Separate but Effective? Teaching Tolerence Issue 36.Retrived from: https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/spring-2010/gender-segregation-separate-but-effectiveMulchay,E.(2017). Should boys and girls be taught separately in our schools? The Guardian ,Opinions. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/14/gender-segregation-state-schools-disaster-damage-children